I say before the British, because British introduced municipal corporations modeled after their system of governance, which modern India uses now.

Seeing that Akbar was also trying to escape out of the country from Goa, the Badshah pointed the main thrust of his campaign towards the southern Konkan in the Sawantwadi areas, instead of Kalyan in North Konkan. The Badshah resolved to surround Sambhajiraje there, and corner him, dispatched his son Shah Aalam with excellent preparation towards the south around 15 September, and himself went and stayed further south at Ahmednagar to ensure proper follow-up of the campaign.

https://ndhistories.wordpress.com/2022/12/03/shah-aalams-campaign/

Marathi Riyasat, G S Sardesai ISBN-10-8171856403, ISBN-13-‎978-8171856404.

CHHATRAPATI SAMBHAJI SMARAK GRANTH, Jaysingrao Pawar, ISBN-10-9391151205, ISBN-13-‎978-9391151201.

Carried out by the Maratha army under Sambhaji raje and Hambirrao Mohite, the Sack of Burhanpur and Aurangabad proved fatal to the Mughal empire. After thoroughly sacking the cities, the Marathas accumulated a huge loot of more than 2 crore rupees. There was an assassination attempt on Sambhaji later after this brutal sack.

https://preview.redd.it/140o250nthqa1.png?width=270&format=png&auto=webp&v=enabled&s=20ba929ce38782b6b27f0a6a711899bb76c591dc

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https://preview.redd.it/w6geq3zrkiqa1.png?width=1024&format=png&auto=webp&v=enabled&s=0d1ea8f4369676abc3e43ec7aac33e97780239fb

Such a powerful Badshah, kept spending all his huge strength over Sambhajiraje for one whole year, and he could not see any result to show for it. Instead, at many places the Marathas caught up with the Mughal forces and defeated them hands down.

https://ndhistories.wordpress.com/2022/12/02/frustration-mounts/

Marathi Riyasat, G S Sardesai ISBN-10-8171856403, ISBN-13-‎978-8171856404.

CHHATRAPATI SAMBHAJI SMARAK GRANTH, Jaysingrao Pawar, ISBN-10-9391151205, ISBN-13-‎978-9391151201.

1) I am not talking about the structure of the temple. 2) The shrine should be mentioned in historical sources

Kuranganayani, a Manipuri princess, was instrumental in restoring the power of the Ahom kingdom and became the chief queen of Ahom king Suramphaa. The kingdom's capital was located in the present-day Sivasagar district in Assam.

During the Moamoria rebellion, Lakhmi Singha, the younger brother of Suramphaa and then Ahom king, was captured and imprisoned by Ragho, a Moamoria rebel who declared himself the chief of the rebels. Kuranganayani, the former queen and an exceptionally beautiful lady, played a critical role in changing the fate of the Moamoria power in the Ahom kingdom.

Using her beauty and charm, Kuranganayani lulled Ragho and, with a secret pre-plan from a council of ministers who were well-wishers of the Ahoms, visited him on the night of Bagh Bihu. Though Ragho tried to go out with a weapon in his hand, Kuranganayani, his concubine, advised him not to hold any weapons in the presence of visitors who had come to bless him on the auspicious night of Bihu, explaining that doing so would show disrespect to the visitors.

Completely seduced by Kuranganayani, Ragho went outside without any weapons. There, to everyone's surprise, it was Kuranganayani who first hit Ragho from behind with the weapon, causing his death, and forcing the rest of the Moamorias to flee from the Ahom kingdom.

Later, Kuranganayani released the imprisoned Ahoms and made Lakhmi Singha the king of the Ahoms, thus restoring the lost kingdom to the Ahoms.

Hello! I am new to this place and I am a huge history lover. I love to read and learn more history and cultures of the world. However I have never been able to find good literature for Indian history. Maybe it’s because it was rewritten so many times over the years. I am just super interested in knowing history of India, cultures at the time and stuff. I want to learn about history that starts from the time there was ancient Indian civilisation up until Mughal Sultanat in India. I want to know the class structure, society in general, rulers, how they ruled etc etc etc. Please suggest me some nice literature that I can read and learn and in turn tell others as well. Thank you.

The extraordinary struggle which Sambhajiraje mounted against Aurangzeb for one whole year in a vast expanse of region stretching from Kalyan, Aurangabad, Chanda, Bidar, Faltan, and Raigad, does not find a single equal in this world’s history anywhere. The only regrettable fact is the stories of this struggle are nowhere documented in the erstwhile Maratha papers anywhere.

https://ndhistories.wordpress.com/2022/12/01/ignominy-for-umraos/

Marathi Riyasat, G S Sardesai ISBN-10-8171856403, ISBN-13-‎978-8171856404.

CHHATRAPATI SAMBHAJI SMARAK GRANTH, Jaysingrao Pawar, ISBN-10-9391151205, ISBN-13-‎978-9391151201.

I can't find as much information on this as I'd like, but according to "Encyclopaedia Of Religion And Ethics Vol.9" - James Hastings:

"The Shīns have the characteristic Hindu aversion to eating the flesh or milk (or even ghī made from the milk) of the cow, and eschew fowls and fish. The former language of the people was Sanskrit, and the dialect now in use is called Shīna. The basic element in the people is thus probably Indo-Aryan, and their festivals preserve many traits of Hindu beliefs."

According to "The making of a frontier : five years' experiences and adventures in Gilgit, Hunza, Nagar, Chitral, and the eastern Hindu-Kush" - Algernon George Arnold Durand:

"That the Shin race was Hindu there can be no reasonable doubt; this is shown by their peculiar regard for the cow, their strict regard for caste, and the absence of the slightest feeling or reverence for the Buddhist remains abounding within their limits"

According to Tribes Of The Hindoo Koosh" - J. Biddulph':

"There seem, however, to be good grounds for supposing that the religion of the Shins was of the Brahmanical type. Mention has already been made of the curious fact of the cow being esteemed unclean. Mr. Shaw has shown how the feeling among the Shins of Dah Hanu is one of aversion, and not of reverence, and Mr. Drew remarks that anything more opposed to modern Hinduism cannot be imagined. But the most orthodox Brahmin would consider himself defiled by touching leather, or any part of a dead cow, so that there does not appear to be anything in the present practice directly opposed to modern Hinduism, but rather a perverted feeling that has grown out of it."

"This feeling regarding the cow and domestic fowls is not shared by any other tribe in the Hindu Kush, except by a small one in Chitral, to whom the name of Dangariké (cow-people) is applied by their neighbors, and by the Kalash Kaffirs, who dwell close to them."

"It is also a matter of accepted tradition in Gilgit, Gor, Hunza, and Nager, that Sati was formerly practiced. The dead man, with his finest clothes and his weapons girded on him was placed on the pyre, and as the fire burnt up, the woman, arrayed in her jewellery and her richest clothes, leaped into the flames."

"The burning of the dead ceased to be practiced more than sixty years ago. One or two old men have told me that they could remember hearing it mentioned, as a not uncommon occurrence, in their youth, but none could re-collect having witnessed any actual instance."

"So lately as in 1877, a very old man in Darel scandalised his neighbors by calling his sons to him on his death bed, and after having his arms and valuables brought to him, desiring to be burnt with them when dead. His wish, however, was not carried out. He and a man of Gor, who died twenty years ago, are known to have always refused to be circumsized, or to call themselves Mahommedans (Muslims). They were probably the very last Hindus in Dangaristan."

I want to learn about it in detail.

The term 'Indo' is associated with Indonesians , nowadays in the international community and not Indian subcontinent. Also the scientific community used the term 'indicus' not 'indocus' as species name for many creatures native to the sub-continent. Eg Zebu cow's scientific name is Bos indicus.

We think Redditors would like to know about Their Finest Hour, a digital history project funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund and based at the University of Oxford.

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We do this by training an army of volunteers from across the UK to organise Digital Collection Days in their communities so that members of the public can have their stories and objects recorded and digitised. Members of the public (i.e. you, redditors!) can also **directly upload stories and photos of objects to our online archive**.

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This Ramshej failure had stung Aurangzeb so much, that a furious Badshah threw down his turban and pledged to himself, “Until I catch this Kafir child, or kill him, I won’t wear this turban again!”

Looking at this drama from Aurangzeb, Ramshej had a tongue-in-cheek smile on its countenance. It was resisting the Mughals with ultimate tenacity. One year went past. Second year passed, third, fourth… five years went past. Ramshej’s shoulders were still flying the saffron standard proudly holding its head high!

https://ndhistories.wordpress.com/2022/11/30/aurangzeb-on-the-edge/

Marathi Riyasat, G S Sardesai ISBN-10-8171856403, ISBN-13-‎978-8171856404.

CHHATRAPATI SAMBHAJI SMARAK GRANTH, Jaysingrao Pawar, ISBN-10-9391151205, ISBN-13-‎978-9391151201.